Pantnagar Journal of Research

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), is a highly contagious viral infection affecting poultry worldwide. The disease leads to substantial economic losses due to high mortality rates and reduced productivity. To combat ND, vaccination and monitoring of antibody titres are vital strategies. Mushroom waste, an underutilized by-product of mushroom production, has shown promise as a potential feed replacement for poultry due to its beneficial effects on growth and immune response. In this study, the impact of feeding Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens with mushroom waste as a replacement for deoiled rice bran on their immunocompetence was evaluated for ND antibody titre. The feeding trial involved four groups: T1 (basal diet only), T2 (basal diet containing 1% mushroom waste), T3 (basal diet containing 2% mushroom waste), and T4 (basal diet containing 3% mushroom waste). Serum samples were collected at different time points after vaccination with ND vaccine (Lasota strain), and the HI titres were determined. Results demonstrated a significant positive impact of incorporating mushroom waste powder into the diet, with higher antibody titres observed in the T3 and T4 groups compared to the control group. The presence of bioactive compounds in mushrooms, such as polysaccharides (e.g., beta-glucans), proteins, minerals, and antioxidants, is believed to contribute to the observed immunomodulatory effects. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of mushroom waste and explore its potential applications in promoting immune health in poultry.