Pantnagar Journal of Research

Abstract

Several pharmacological agents have been employed to manage different pathological pain conditions, including NSAIDs, opiates, and others. However, adverse effects could restrict dosing and therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we discuss nutraceuticals and various bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, carotenoids like lycopene and beta-carotene, and specific compounds like astaxanthin and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), focusing on their roles in managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endocannabinoid-like compound, is notable for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions, making it a promising therapeutic agent. The efficacy of PEA, especially in combination with natural antioxidants like astaxanthin, offers potential benefits for improved pain relief in conditions such as osteoarthritis. Micro-PEA, with improved pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, is effectively used to manage conditions like atopic dermatitis and chronic pain. Based on available literature, PEA is currently considered among the novel nonopioid interventions for chronic pain.