Pantnagar Journal of Research

Abstract

This study presents a novel investigation into the synergistic effects of silicon carbide (SiC) filler content and fiber orientation on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of hemp/SiC epoxy bio-composites, aiming to enhance durability for humidity-prone applications. Unlike previous research, which often focuses on either fiber reinforcement or filler effects independently, this work uniquely combines optimized SiC loading with targeted fiber orientations i.e. unidirectional (0°/90°), quasi-isotropic (30°/60°) and cross-ply (45°/45°) to systematically analyze their interplay. Bio-composites fabricated via hand lay-up with varying SiC content (2 wt%, 5 wt% and 8 wt%) demonstrated that 5 wt% SiC delivers the maximum tensile strength driven by efficient stress transfer that surpasses typical filler loadings. Notably, the incorporation of SiC not only enhances strength but also synergistically reduces water absorption advancement over conventional natural fiber bio-composites due to the hydrophobic nature of SiC and improved fiber-matrix interface. The study reveals a significant correlation between mechanical robustness and moisture resistance, particularly in unidirectionally aligned bio-composites, highlighting potential for applications in outdoor, automotive and agricultural environments. These findings extend current understanding by identifying an optimal balance of filler content and fiber orientation that simultaneously boosts mechanical performance and moisture durability, offering a practical pathway toward thermally and moisture-resistant natural fiber bio-composites with broad industrial relevance.